President fernando henrique cardoso dependency

Fernando Henrique Cardoso is a Brazilian statesman and sociologist who became well known as an academic exponent of dependency theory, which he later disavowed. He was president of Brazil from 1995 through 2002.

Cardoso studied sociology with Roger Bastide and Florestan Fernandes at the University of São Paulo, and taught there until the 1964 military coup, after which he left Brazil.

While in exile in Santiago, Chile, Cardoso contributed signally to dependency analysis at a moment when importsubstitution industrialization (ISI) seemed to have failed. The structuralist economist Celso Furtado had already asserted the connection between development and underdevelopment, and argued that economic phenomena had to be understood in a historical framework.

In the mid- and latter 1960s Cardoso and his collaborator Enzo Faletto extended the analysis into social relations. Pessimistic about development led by national bourgeoisies as a result of his earl